Top 4 Types of coffee beans
There are four different types of coffee beans. The characteristics make them different from each other. Process of formation is also sometimes proving crucial agent to make them unique. The 3 types of coffee beans like Arabica, Robusta, Liberica are more common, and less common is Excelsa. But in this article, you can take a closer look at all types of coffee beans.
Arabica
First of all, we will discuss the basic and common types of coffee beans. Arabica is the most popular coffee bean. About 60-70 % world’s coffee is Arabica. It is the first discovery of coffee beans in the highlands of Ethiopia. Its name Arabica comes from Arabia because of its popularity in the 17the-century.
Growth of Arabica Beans
Arabica is sensitive to growth. The environment has a great effect on its development and susceptibility to disease. Because it requires some basic conditions to grow. Appropriate rainfall increases its production at the harvesting level. High altitudes around (6,000-12,000 feet) above sea level and shady areas best to grow them. It is easy to care about Arabica tress because of its small height. They are no more than 6’feet normally. Mature trees may be 6 to 12’ feet long. Its small height makes their harvesting easier. Arabica trees give fruit in approximately 3 to 4 years.
Composition
According to composition, it contains almost 60% lipid and double sugar. This amount of sugar makes its taste sweet as compared to any coffee beans. It is not only best in flavor but also in the aroma and body of the coffee.
Taste and Quality
Arabica beans have a sweeter taste with the flavor of chocolate and sugar. The presence of sugar decreases the bitterness of beans. It is a high-quality bean because of its composition. The decline in quality occurs when plants face a more cold environment and mixed with creamer or milk. Temperature and height are main parameter that effect its taste.
Presence of Antioxidants
The Arabica coffee contains antioxidants like vitamin E, vitamin B, magnesium, and potassium. These agents help to reduce the risk of infection and diseases. Its trade start in North America. Consequently, Arabica is the world’s most popular coffee beans and equating to over 60% cup drank.
Arabica coffee in Ethiopia
The first time, Arabica coffee beans discovered in Ethiopia. It is the homeland of Arabica coffee. Moreover, It is a single origin of the coffee cherry tree. Which grew in Ethiopia. In the old days, goats eating coffee beans to make them energetic. Ethiopia produces almost 384,000,000 kg of Arabica coffee every year. Because the taste of this coffee is very delicious. Arabica coffee has a lower amount of acidity. But its quality reduces when presented with creamer.
Arabica coffee in Brazil
Brazil has included in the list of the largest coffee producers in the country. Because its climate is ideal for growing coffee. Brazilian coffee also has low acidity. In Brazil, Arabica coffee produces in Minas Gerais. This is a state of brazil. The taste of Brazilian coffee beans is sweet.
Growth in Brazil
Brazil produces 2,652,000 metric tons of Arabica coffee per year. Around 80 percent of Arabica coffee grows in the south of brazil. Because the specialty of Brazilian coffee is that it processes by natural or pulped natural methods.
Arabica coffee in India
Arabica coffee used in the southern countries of India. The varieties of coffee growing in India. But Arabica coffee has excessive market value as compared to others. Because it is disease resistance with a smoother flavor. Coffee provides a great contribution to the Indian economy.
Arabica coffee in Indonesia
Geographic and climate conditions suit coffee cultivation in Indonesia. Therefore, It was on the list of the largest producer of coffee. Indonesia produced 660,000,000 kg of coffee per year. Arabica coffee increased commercially in Indonesia. Its Arabica coffee has low acidity with higher quality beans.
Arabica coffee in Colombia
Colombian coffee is famous in the world for its quality and strong aroma. Colombia germinates mostly Arabica beans. Because these are lighter and best in flavor. Its geography environment is perfectly good for producing unique and delicious Arabian beans. So, We can simply say that Colombian coffee is Arabica coffee. Its taste is less acidic and more chocolaty.
Arabica coffee in Uganda
Arabica coffee also sets its place as a drink in Uganda. The 44 districts of Uganda grow coffee. According to current production, it grows 80% Robusta and 20% is Arabica. The economy of Uganda is strong because of the foreign exchange of coffee. Uganda coffee bears a resemblance to African coffee because of its aroma and wine-like acidity. It also ranks second in Africa after Ethiopia, as a producer of coffee. It comes to the eighth number in the whole world.
Robusta
The other name of Robusta coffee is Canephora coffee. Robusta has taken its origin in central and western sub-Saharan Africa. Robusta is the beans of the canephora coffee plant. It is a flowering plant and species of the Rubiaceae family. The beans of Robusta coffee are smaller and rounder in shape as compared to Arabica beans. Robusta is a shrubby, and small plant 10 meters in height. The plant seeds take 11 months to mature.
Environmental Condition
It is not a delicate plant like Arabica. The hot environment is suitable for its development and production. The average temperature for Robusta between 24 to 30 degrees C and with irregular rainfall. However, It grew solely in the Eastern hemisphere, primarily in Africa and Indonesia. Brazil and India produce both Arabica and Robusta. As a species of coffee canephora tree, Robusta tolerates environmental conditions more than Arabica. It can grow in any climate and altitudes.
Taste of Robusta Beans
This plant’s beans taste is bitter, earthy, grain-like, and peanutty aftertaste. Robusta beans consist of more caffeine and less sugar. On the other hand, Arabica beans have more sugar and sweetness.
Presence of Caffeine
The presence of caffeine makes its taste strong, harsh than Arabica. The Robusta beans have low acidity and high bitterness. Caffeine is the secret that makes the Robusta plant so robust. It provides shelter and prevents different diseases. In-plant composition works as a self defensor against diseases.
Flavor Maintainer
The high-quality Robusta also has a hint of chocolate link with their flavor profile. Robusta bean will only have a dull smell and rubbery taste. when it has been the victim of practicing. Good Robusta coffee will not lose its flavor when adding milk and cream. Vietnamese coffee supplier like Len’s coffee and instant coffee is typically 100% Robusta.
Liberica
Liberica coffee originated from Liberia in west Africa. Liberia beans are larger than others coffee beans. Liberica is also an important coffee species. it harvests in the Philippines and Malaysia. But the Philippines was the first country for its production. At the start, the Philippines were the only coffee supplier. This helped the economy of the Philippines.
Taste, and Caffeine Concentration
Liberica cherries have an irregular shape and unique aroma. Liberica beans are black roasted with a sweet and fruity taste. Its taste is completely different from Arabica coffee. Liberica coffee has a lower caffeine concentration and smoky flavor. Now Liberica coffee enjoyed worldwide success. Liberica plants show much resistance against the disease.
Production in Malaysia
Malaysian coffee yields 95% Liberica beans. This is another commercial type of coffee. It grew on the world market.
Liberica growth in Indonesia
Within time, Indonesia is also a main producer Of Liberica. Because of its woody taste, It is like a hardy species.
Condition for Maturation
Liberica beans required hot climates at low altitudes. Furthermore, the skin of Liberica cherries not allow the pest for penetration. Liberica can grow locally. So it is easily available and more affordable than others.
Benefits of Liberica Beans
Liberica gives a wide range of benefits for producers. We can build up Liberica with others fruit trees. This is the best advantage of Liberica. Its high resilience and interesting history make it unique for consumers and producers. Therefore, Coffee-making experts show their experience, Liberica is the most stable species after brewing.
Excelsa
Excelsa is the fourth main type of coffee beans. It is not as popular as Arabica and Robusta. That’s why Scientists reclassified it as a type of Liberica.
Low concentration of Caffeine
Excelsa beans are unique in terms of taste. Because it has a low concentration of caffeine and oils. Excelsa plants grow in southeast Asia. Sometimes it’s beans use in blending coffee. As a result, it enhances the flavor and complexity of coffee.
Almond-like Shape
Excelsa has an almond-like shape at medium altitude. About 7% of coffee production is Excelsa around the world. The flavor of these beans is distinctive. Because it has both light and dark roast coffee to create the best profile.
Flavor similarity with Arabica
Excelsa beans grow on 20 to 30 feet high large trees. It is much smoother in tasting than others beans. Its front palate flavor is similar to Arabica. Excelsa coffee has a delicate taste with soft and velvety body characteristics. The beans of Excelsa can be difficult to find as compared to Arabica and Robusta beans.